ISSN 2149-2263 | E-ISSN 2149-2271
The Anatolian Journal of Cardiology - Anatol J Cardiol: 22 (5)
Volume: 22  Issue: 5 - November 2019
EDITORIAL
1.ESC guidelines on diabetes, ECHO-TR trial, and more
Çetin Erol
PMID: 31674940  doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2019.11  Page 213
Abstract |Full Text PDF

INVITED REVIEW
2.New European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on diabetes; prediabetes, and cardiovascular diseases - a truly strong base for the major paradigm shift in clinical practice?
Zlatko Fras
PMID: 31674936  doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2019.90232  Pages 214 - 218
Abstract |Full Text PDF

REVIEW
3.Perivascular adipose tissue in cardiovascular diseases-an update
Adriana Grigoras, Cornelia Amalinei, Raluca Anca Balan, Simona Eliza Giusca, Irina Draga Caruntu
PMID: 31674938  doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2019.91380  Pages 219 - 231
The perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been recently recognized as an important factor in vascular biology, with implications in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The cell types and the precursor cells of PVAT appear to be different according to their location, with the component cell type including white, brown, and beige adipocytes. PVAT releases a panel of adipokines and cytokines that maintain vascular homeostasis, but it also has the ability of intervention in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic plaques development and in the vascular tone modulation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and discuss the role of PVAT as a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of ischemic coronary disease, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. The new perspective of PVAT as an endocrine organ, along with the recent knowledge of the mechanisms involved in dysfunctional PVAT intervention in local vascular homeostasis perturbations, nowadays represent a new area of research in cardiovascular pathology, aiming to discover new therapeutic methods.

ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION
4.Protective effects of trimetazidine and coenzyme Q10 on cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity by alleviating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction
Li Zhao
PMID: 31674935  doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2019.83710  Pages 232 - 239
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of trimetazidine (TMZ) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in rat cardiomyocytes.
Methods: Rat cardiomyocytes were isolated and subjected to cisplatin (200 μM) treatment with and without TMZ (200 μM) and CoQ10 (200 mg/L) pretreatment. The cell viability, apoptosis, oxidant and antioxidant indicators, and mitochondrial dysfunction were examined.
Results: TMZ or CoQ10 significantly attenuated cisplatin-induced cell viability inhibition (p<0.01) and apoptosis (p<0.001), and the combined use of TMZ and CoQ10 pretreatment exerted a pronounced effect compared to the effects of using each of these agents individually (p<0.05). TMZ or CoQ10 inhibited the levels of reactive oxidative species (ROS, p<0.01) and malondialdehyde (MDA, p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively), elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD, p<0.01) and catalase (CAT, p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively), evidently enhanced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2, p<0.05), alleviated mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) loss (p<0.05), and down-regulated the release of cytochrome c (cyto-c) into the cytosol (p<0.01) in cisplatin-treated cells. The combined use of TMZ and CoQ10 treatment was more effective than using either agent alone (p<0.01 for ROS, MDA, CAT, and cytosolic cyto-c; p<0.05 for SOD, nuclear Nrf2, and ΔΨm loss).
Conclusion: TMZ and CoQ10 showed protective effects against cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity via attenuating oxidative stress.

5.Comparative effects of atorvastatin 80 mg and rosuvastatin 40 mg on the levels of serum endocan, chemerin, and galectin-3 in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Abdullah Tunçez, Bülent Behlül Altunkeser, Bahadır Öztürk, Muhammed Salih Ateş, Hüseyin Tezcan, Canan Aydoğan, Emre Can Kırık, Ulvi Yalçın, Nazif Aygül, Kenan Demir, Fikret Akyürek
PMID: 31674929  doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2019.64249  Pages 240 - 249
Objective: Endocan, chemerin, and galectin-3 are discrete biomarkers associated with cardiovascular diseases and acting through different pathophysiological pathways. The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the effects of high doses of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on serum endocan, chemerin, and galectin-3 levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Methods: Sixty-three patients with AMI were randomized to receive atorvastatin (80 mg/day) or rosuvastatin (40 mg/day) after percutaneous revascularization. Serum levels of endocan, chemerin, and galectin-3 were evaluated at baseline and after 4-week therapy.
Results: Endocan levels were not decreased statistically significantly with atorvastatin 80 mg, but rosuvastatin 40 mg markedly decreased the levels of endocan according to baseline [from 110.27 (86.03–143.69) pg/mL to 99.22 (78.30–122.87) pg/mL with atorvastatin 80 mg and from 110.73 (77.28–165.22) pg/mL to 93.40 (70.48–115.13) pg/mL with rosuvastatin 40 mg, p=0.242 for atorvastatin 80 mg and p=0.014 for rosuvastatin 40 mg]. Chemerin levels significantly decreased in both groups according to baseline [from 264.90 (196.00–525.95) ng/mL to 135.00 (105.95–225.65) ng/mL with atorvastatin 80 mg and from 309.95 (168.87–701.27) ng/mL to 121.25 (86.60–212.65) ng/mL with rosuvastatin 40 mg, p<0.001, respectively, for both groups]. Galectin-3 levels did not change markedly with atorvastatin 80 mg, but they decreased with rosuvastatin 40 mg [from 17.00 (13.10–22.25) ng/mL to 19.30 (15.25–23.45) ng/mL with atorvastatin 80 mg, p=0.721, and from 18.25 (12.82–23.82) ng/mL to 16.60 (10.60–20.15) ng/mL with rosuvastatin 40 mg, p=0.074]. There were no significant between-group differences in terms of absolute and percentage changes of endocan, chemerin, and galectin-3 at 4 weeks.
Conclusion: We reported that both statins similarly decreased the endocan levels, whereas rosuvastatin seems to have more prominent effects on the reduction of the chemerin and galectin-3 levels in patients with AMI.

6.Association between serum adropin levels and isolated coronary artery ectasia in patients with stable angina pectoris
Buğra Özkan, Özcan Örsçelik, Hatice Yıldırım Yaroğlu, Şenay Balcı, Mert Koray Özcan, Ahmet Çelik, Ismail Türkay Özcan
PMID: 31674937  doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2019.90349  Pages 250 - 255
Objective: Dilation of one or more coronary artery segments to a diameter at least 1.5 times that of a normal adjacent segment is referred to as coronary artery ectasia (CAE). Adropin is a protein involved in endothelial function and is shown to have a protective effect on the regulation of cardiac functions. Atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction play an important role in the development of CAE. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum adropin levels and isolated CAE.
Methods: Patients with stable angina pectoris who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) between August 2017 and July 2018 were evaluated prospectively. A total of 92 subjects were included in the study-40 patients over 18 years old and diagnosed with isolated CAE based on CAG findings and a control group of 52 patients.
Results: Serum adropin level was found to be significantly lower in the isolated CAE group compared to the control group (1019.57 pg/mL and 1151.10 pg/mL, respectively, p=0.010). The isolated CAE group also exhibited a significantly higher mean platelet volume than that in the control group (10.75 fL and 10.17 fL, respectively, p=0.011).
Conclusion: Our results show that there is an association between low serum adropin level and isolated CAE.

7.Big endothelin-1 as a clinical marker for ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm
Xiaohui Ning, Zihe Yang, Xuerui Ye, Yanhua Si, Fang Wang, Xiaoli Zhang, Shu Zhang
PMID: 31674930  doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2019.67862  Pages 256 - 261
Objective: Ventricular tachyarrhythmia is the leading cause of death in post-infarction patients. Big endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide and plays a role in ventricular tachyarrhythmia development. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the serum concentration of big ET-1 and ventricular tachyarrhythmia in post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm (PI-LVA) patients.
Methods: A total of 222 consecutive PI-LVA patients who had received medical therapy were enrolled in the study. There were 43 (19%) patients who had ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) at the time of admission. The clinical characteristics were observed and the plasma big ET-1 level was measured. Associations between big ET-1 and the presence of VT/VF were assessed. Patients were followed up to check for outcomes related to cardiovascular mortality, VT/VF attack, and all-cause mortality.
Results: The median concentration of big ET-1 was 0.635 pg/mL. Patients with big ET-1 concentrations above the median were more likely to have higher risk clinical features. There was a positive correlation between the level of big ET-1 with VT/VF attack (r=0.354, p<0.001). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, big ET-1 (OR=4.06, 95% CI: 1.77-9.28, p<0.001) appeared as an independent predictive factor for the presence of VT/VF. Multiple Cox regression analysis suggested that big ET-1 concentration was independently predictive of VT/VF attack (OR=2.5, 95% CI 1.4–4.5, p<0.001). NT-proBNP and left ventricular ejection fraction of ≤35% were demonstrated to be independently predictive of cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality.
Conclusion: Increased big ET-1 concentration in PI-LVA patients is a valuable independent predictor for the prevalence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and VT/VF attacks during follow-up after PI-LVA treatment.

8.Normal echocardiographic measurements in a Turkish population: The Healthy Heart ECHO-TR Trial
Özgen Şafak, Ozan Mustafa Gürsoy, Süleyman Karakoyun, Metin Çağdaş, Lale Dinç Asarcıklı, Fulya Avcı Demir, İbrahim Ersoy, Abdurrahman Akyüz, Özlem Arıcan Özlük, Fahri Er, Ahmet Oğuz Baktır, Mahmut Yesin, Hayati Eren, Aylin Sungur, Özge Kurmuş, Volkan Emren, Selcen Yakar Tülüce, Filiz Akyıldız Akçay, Mehmet Ata Akıl, Tuba Makca, Oktay Ergene, Mehmet Özkan
PMID: 31674928  doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2019.45845  Pages 262 - 270
Objective: Normal reference values for the cardiac chambers are widely based on cohorts from European or American populations. In this study, we aimed to obtain normal echocardiographic measurements of healthy Turkish volunteers to reveal the age, gender, and geographical region dependent differences between Turkish populations and other populations.
Methods: Among 31 collaborating institutions from all regions of Turkey, 1154 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Predefined protocols were used for all participants during echocardiographic examination. Blood biochemical parameters were also obtained for all patients on admission. The American Society of Echocardiography and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging recommendations were used to assess the echocardiographic cardiac chamber quantification.
Results: The study included 1154 volunteers (men: 609; women: 545), with a mean age of 33.5±11 years. Compared to men, women had a smaller body surface area, lower blood pressure and heart rate, lower hemoglobin, total cholesterol, lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, and higher high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Cardiac chambers were also smaller in women and their size varied with age. When we compared the regions in Turkey, the lowest values of left cardiac chamber indices were seen in the Marmara region and the highest values were observed in the Mediterranean region. Regarding the right cardiac indices, the Mediterranean region reported the lowest values, while the Black Sea region and the Eastern Anatolia region reported the highest values.
Conclusion: This is the first study that evaluates the normal echocardiographic reference values for a healthy Turkish population. These results may provide important reference values that could be useful in routine clinical practice as well as in further clinical trials. (

CASE REPORT
9.Unusual involvement of right ventricle in patient with Rosai–Dorfman disease
Belma Yaman, Levent Cerit, Hatice S Kemal, Songül Usalp, Hamza Duygu
PMID: 31674926  doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2019.04608  Pages 271 - 272
Abstract |Full Text PDF | Video

10.Successful right anteroseptal manifest accessory pathway cryoablation in a six-month infant with dyssynchrony-induced dilated cardiomyopathy
Pelin Köşger, Fatma Sevinç Şengül, Hasan Candaş Kafalı, Birsen Uçar, Yakup Ergül
PMID: 31674939  doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2019.93707  Pages 272 - 275
Abstract |Full Text PDF

11.Importance of endomyocardial biopsy in patients with myocarditis: A case report
Özge Çetinarslan, Refika Hüral, Emir Özgürbarış Ökçün
PMID: 31674934  doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2019.79328  Pages 275 - 277
Abstract |Full Text PDF | Video

LETTER TO THE EDITOR
12.Author's Reply
Jun Gu, Zhao-fang Yin, Jian-an Pan, Jun-feng Zhang, Changqian Wang
Page 278
Abstract |Full Text PDF

13.Visit-to-visit variability in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Pathum Sookaromdee, Vrroj Wiwanitkit
PMID: 31674927  doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2019.18055  Page 278
Abstract |Full Text PDF

14.Effects of colchicine on cardiac functions
Yusuf Ziya Şener, Metin Okşul, Fatih Akkaya
PMID: 31674931  doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2019.68957  Pages 278 - 279
Abstract |Full Text PDF

15.Author`s Reply
Şıho Hidayet, Vahit Demir, Yasar Turan, Gulhan Gurel, Hakan Taşolar
Pages 279 - 280
Abstract |Full Text PDF

E-PAGE ORIGINAL IMAGES
16.Left-sided heart valve endocarditis in an intravenous drug user: Odd presentations and aggressive vegetations
Jonathan Falconer, Neha Sekhri, Mohammed Y Khanji
PMID: 31674933  doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2019.78783  Page E11
Abstract |Full Text PDF

17.Acute mitral valve endocarditis complicated by complete atrioventricular block, junctional escape rhythm, and skin manifestations
Murat Cap, Emrah Erdoğan
PMID: 31674932  doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2019.70740  Page E12
Abstract |Full Text PDF



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