ISSN 2149-2263 | E-ISSN 2149-2271
The Anatolian Journal of Cardiology - Anatol J Cardiol: 11 (4)
Volume: 11  Issue: 4 - June 2011
EDITORIAL
1.What has AKD done during last month? The HEART Group and commemoration of Dr. Favaloro
Bilgin Timuralp
PMID: 21592924  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.102  Page 279
Abstract |Full Text PDF

ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION
2.Coronary artery ectasia: its frequency and relationship with atherosclerotic risk factors in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization
Tolga Aksu, Belma Uygur, Mine Durukan Koşar, Ümit Güray, Nurcan Arat, Şule Korkmaz, Ayşe Çolak
PMID: 21543298  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.076  Pages 280 - 284
Objective: Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is defined as local or generalized aneurysmal dilatation of the coronary arteries. We aimed to determine the frequency of CAE at our center and to compare clinical and angiographic characteristics between patients with isolated CAE and CAE with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: From February 2004 to December 2005, 12.514 patients were retrospectively analyzed by two independent operators who underwent coronary angiography. Coronary artery diameters were measured using qualitative computed angiography. CAD risk factors were recorded for all patients. Unpaired Student’s t-test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: CAE was diagnosed in 201 patients (1.59%). The majority (78%) were male. The mean age was 61±10.8 years (range, 25 to 82 years). The cases were divided into 2 groups as isolated CAE (Group 1) (14.9%) and CAE with CAD (Group 2) (85.1%). The risk factors of CAD were similar between two groups. The frequency of arterial involvement was: the right coronary artery (RCA) 54.3%; circumflex artery (Cx), 48.3%; the left anterior descending artery (LAD), 40.4%. CAE affected only one major vessel in 64.2% of cases and all 3 vessels in 9%. Isolated CAE was most commonly detected in Cx (47%). The type of CAE was determined according to Markis and Harikrishnan classification. The most prevalent involvement was Markis type 4 and Harikrishnan type 4a. Although atypical angina was the most common clinical presentation in both groups, acute coronary syndrome was more frequent in Group 2 (p=0.018). Conclusion: The risk factors of CAD and the manner of clinical presentation were considerably similar in both groups and this situation was consistent with similar etiopathogenesis of two diseases.

3.The effect of interleukin-10 gene promoter polymorphisms on early-onset coronary artery disease
Emin Karaca, Meral Kayıkçıoğlu, Hüseyin Onay, Cumhur Gündüz, Ferda Özkınay
PMID: 21543297  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.077  Pages 285 - 289
Objective: We assessed the association between interleukin-10 (IL-10) -1082G/A and -592C/A polymorphisms, and coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study included 86 patients (mean age 43.36±4.930 years) diagnosed to have CHD and 88 healthy controls (mean age 47.07±8.135 years). IL-10 -1082G/A and -592C/A polymorphisms were analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and agarose gel electrophoresis methods in both patient and control groups. Genotype distributions of the polymorphisms between CHD patients and controls were assessed by Chi-square analysis. Results: The genotype distribution of the -1082 G/A polymorphism was not different in premature CHD patients (GG: 38.3%; GA: 51.1%; AA: 10.6%) and controls (GG: 43.1%; GC: 43.1%; CC: 13.8%) (p=0.57). The prevalence of the A allele at -1082G/A polymorphism was 36.6% in patients and 35.3% in controls. Both allele and genotype frequencies of -592C/A polymorphism did not also differ significantly between patients with CHD and controls. We did not observe relationships between polymorphism-specific haplotypes and adverse angiographic and clinical outcomes. We have observed a significant difference of IL-10 -592C/A allelic frequency (OR=2.00 95% CI=0.9434-4.2579) between the younger CHD patients (<45 years, Group 2) and matched controls. Conclusion: Our study suggests that IL-10-592C/A polymorphism may play a role in susceptibility to CHD in younger patients.

4.Endothelial progenitor cells (CD34+KDR+) and monocytes may provide the development of good coronary collaterals despite the vascular risk factors and extensive atherosclerosis
Sinan Altan Kocaman, Mehmet Rıdvan Yalçın, Münci Yağcı, Asife Şahinarslan, Sedat Türkoğlu, Uğur Arslan, Nevruz Kurşunluoğlu, Murat Özdemir, Timur kaynak, Mustafa Cemri, Adnan Abacı, Bülent Boyacı, Atiye Çengel
PMID: 21543296  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.078  Pages 290 - 299
Objective: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) have a regenerative role in the vascular system. In this study, we aimed to evaluate simultaneously the effects of EPC and inflammatory cells on the presence and the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the grade of coronary collateral growth in patients with clinical suspicion of CAD. Methods: This study has a cross-sectional and observational design. We enrolled 112 eligible patients who underwent coronary angiography consecutively (mean age: 59±9 years). The association of circulating inflammatory cells and EPC (defined by CD34+KDR+ in the lymphocyte and monocyte gate) with the presence, severity and extent of CAD and the degree of collateral growth were investigated. Logistic regression analysis was used to define the predictors of collateral flow. Results: Of 112 patients 30 had normal coronary arteries (NCA, 27%, 55±9 years) and 82 had CAD (73%, 61±8 years). Among the patients with CAD, the percent degree of luminal stenosis was <50% in 12 patients; 50-90% in 35 patients; and ≥90% in the other 35 patients. Circulating inflammatory cells were higher (leukocytes, 7150±1599 vs 8163±1588mm-3, p=0.001; neutrophils, 4239±1280 vs 4827±1273mm-3, p=0.021; monocytes, 512±111 vs 636±192mm-3, p=0.001) and EPCs were lower (0.27±0.15% vs 0.17±0.14%, p<0.001; 21±15 vs 13±12mm-3, p=0.004) in CAD group than NCA group. When we investigated the collateral growth in patients having ≥90% stenosis in at least one major coronary artery, we found that the patients with good collateral growth had significantly higher EPC (0.22±0.17% vs 0.10±0.05%, p=0.009; 18±15 vs 7±3mm-3, p=0.003) in comparison to patients with poor collateral growth. Presence of EPC was associated with reduced risk for coronary artery disease (OR: 0.934, 95%CI: 0.883-0.998, p=0.018) and was an independent predictor for good collateral growth (OR: 1.295, 95%CI: 1.039-1.615, p=0.022). A sum of CD34+KDR-, CD34+KDR+ and CD34-KDR+ cells (192±98mm-3), and a CD34-KDR- cell subpopulation within monocyte gate (514±173mm-3) reached to highest counts in good collateral group among all study population. Conclusion: Endothelial progenitor cells can be mobilized from bone marrow to induce the coronary collateral growth in case of myocardial ischemia even in presence of the vascular risk factors and extensive atherosclerosis. This finding may be supportive to investigate the molecules, which can specifically mobilize EPC without inflammatory cells.

5.Relation between fragmented QRS and collateral circulation in patients with chronic total occlusion without prior myocardial infarction
Hasan Kadı, Köksal Ceyhan, Fatih Koç, Ataç Çelik, Orhan Önalan
PMID: 21543295  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.079  Pages 300 - 304
Objective: It has been shown that the fragmented QRS (fQRS) on electrocardiogram (ECG) signifies regional myocardial scar in patients with non-Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI). We hypothesized that presence of fQRS on ECG may be related with poorly-grown collateral coronary circulation (CCC) in patients with chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO) without prior MI. Methods: This retrospective observational study is included 56 patients (mean age 61.73±7.96 years; 67.9% men) with CTO in one of the major coronary arteries. Collateral circulation was graded according to Rentrop’s classification. The fQRS was defined as the presence of an additional R wave or notching of R or S wave or the presence of fragmentation in two contiguous ECG leads corresponding to a major coronary artery territory. Patients with pathological Q-wave or history of MI, typical bundle brunch blocks (BBB) and incomplete right BBB were excluded from study. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test, Student’s t-test and logistic regression analysis. Results: Fifteen patients had Rentrop grade 1, 15 patients had grade 2 and 26 patients had grade 3 CCC. Five (19%) of the patients who have grade 3 CCC, seven (47%) of the patients who had grade 2 CCC, ten (67%) of the patients who had grade 1 CCC had fQRS (p=0.002). Logistic regression analysis showed high predictive value of the presence of fQRS for Rentrop 1 CCC (OR=8.4, 95% CI 1.97-35.7; p=0.004). Conclusion: Results of our study may implicate the presence of fQRS on electrocardiogram as a predictor of a poorly grown CCC in patients with chronic total occlusion without prior MI.

6.N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids administration does not reduce the recurrence rates of atrial fibrillation and inflammation after electrical cardioversion: a prospective randomized study
Mehmet Özaydın, Doğan Erdoğan, Şenol Tayyar, Bayram Ali Uysal, Abdullah Doğan, Atilla İçli, Emel Özkan, Ercan Varol, Yasin Türker, Akif Arslan
PMID: 21543294  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.080  Pages 305 - 309
Objective: The purpose of the present prospective randomized study was to evaluate the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on recurrence rates of atrial fibrillation (AF) and inflammation after electrical cardioversion. Methods: Calculation of the number of patients needed was based on the assumption of 20% and 65% chance of maintaining sinus rhythm with amiodarone and with polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. To observe a significant difference with an alpha level of 0.05 and a power of 0.80 it was necessary to include 22 patients in each group. A total of 47 patients were randomized to amiodarone (n=24) and amiodarone plus n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=23) groups before scheduled electrical cardioversion. The end-point was the recurrence of AF during 12-month follow-up. Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on inflammation was evaluated with high sensitivity C-reactive protein level measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired Student’ t, Mann Whitney U and Chi-square tests. We analyzed the recurrence of AF using the Cox proportional hazards regression model to control for potentially confounding factors. Results: Nine patients in the amiodarone group (37.5%), and 9 patients in the amiodarone plus n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids group (39.1%) had recurrence of AF during follow-up (p=1). With the Cox proportional model, risk factors for the recurrence of AF were previous electrical cardioversion (HR 10.33, 95% CI 1.74 to 61.10, p=0.01) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.38, p=0.007). High sensitivity C-reactive protein levels at baseline, at day 15 and during AF recurrence were similar between two groups (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion: N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids administration does not reduce the recurrence rates of atrial fibrillation and inflammation.

7.Comparison of antihypertensive efficacy of carvedilol and nebivolol in mild-to-moderate primary hypertension: a randomized trial
Okan Erdoğan, Bülent Ertem, Armağan Altun
PMID: 21543293  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.081  Pages 310 - 313
Objective: The aim of the present study is to compare the antihypertensive effects of carvedilol and nebivolol in mild to moderate hypertensive patients. Methods: It is a prospective; placebo-controlled, cross-over, double-blind, randomized, single-center clinical trial. Patients (n=20) who were first diagnosed with mild to moderate systemic hypertension according to mean ambulatory blood pressure measurements > 130/85 mmHg and no previous antihypertensive therapy were prospectively enrolled into the study. After 10 days of placebo run-in period, they were randomized within the same group as cross-over design to one month carvedilol 25 mg and one month nebivolol 5 mg regimen given once daily in the morning. The primary outcome variables were systolic and diastolic blood pressures determined by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements. Mutlivariate analysis of variance for repeated measurements with 3x2 factorial design was used for statistical analysis of results. Results: The study group consisted of 6 women and 14 men whose mean age was 42.9±12.8 years (range 19-63 years). Mean heart rate was significantly decreased after commencing both carvedilol (70.2±5.2 bpm) and nebivolol (64.9±3.9 bpm) treatments compared to placebo (78.8±5.2 bpm) (p<0.05). Both carvedilol (133.8±9/86.6±8.6 mmHg) and nebivolol (134±8.7/85.6±7.4 mmHg) significantly decreased mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures compared to placebo (143.9±8.9/94.4±9.2 mmHg), respectively (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in decreasing either systolic or diastolic blood pressure between nebivolol and carvedilol therapies (p>0.05). No side effects were recorded during both carvedilol and nebivolol treatments. Conclusion: Although both carvedilol and nebivolol effectively decreased blood pressure compared to placebo, they showed similar efficacy for lowering blood pressure.

8.Presence of a D8/17 B lymphocyte marker and HLA-DR subgroups in patients with rheumatic heart disease
Cemşit Karakurt, Can Celiloğlu, Ünsal Özgen, Elif Yeşilada, Saim Yoloğlu, John Zabriskie, Gülendam Koçak
PMID: 21543292  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.082  Pages 314 - 318
Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the association of HLA antigens and a non-HLA protein D8/17 with rheumatic heart disease and its pattern of cardiac involvement. Methods: This cross- sectional observational study included 35 children and 12 adult patients who have rheumatic heart disease and 35 healthy children and 12 healthy adult controls. After physical examination, all patients and control group members were evaluated with 2D and color-coded echocardiography. B- lymphocyte D8/17 expression was tested by a flow cytometry assay. HLA genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primers. In statistical analysis, Chi-square, unpaired t and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for comparison groups. Results: The percentage of the D8/17-expressing B lymphocytes of the patient group was significantly higher than of the control group (77.3±15.6% vs. 67.7±20.0%, p=0.013). When compared with the control group, the HLA DRB5 (38.6% vs. 13.6%, p=0.007) and HLA DRB1*15 (31.8% vs. 9.0%, p=0.008) expression levels of the patient group were significantly higher and the DRB4 expression of the patient group was significantly lower (29.5% vs. 50.0%, p=0.049). Conclusion: Our findings support the association between HLA Class 2 subgroups and rheumatic heart disease, and an association between D8/17 expression and rheumatic heart disease. Further studies including higher number of patients and control group members should be performed for the confirmation of our results.

9.Sequence variations of NKX2-5 and HAND1 genes in patients with atrial isomerism
Ali Can Hatemi, Çağrı Güleç, Naci Çine, Burçak Vural, Özden Hatırnaz, Müge Sayitoğlu, Funda Öztunç, Levent Saltık, Erhan Kansız, Nihan Erginel Ünaltuna
PMID: 21561848  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.083  Pages 319 - 328
Objective: Atrial isomerism is a congenital disorder, which is characterized by lateralization defects in normally asymmetrical developing organs like the heart. Atrial isomerism is supposed to be caused by molecular defects during early development. The NKX2-5 is a cardiac specific transcription factor, which initiates and regulates downstream transcriptional cascades of cardiogenesis. The HAND1 is another transcription factor expressed in the heart, and it is characterized by an asymmetrical pattern of expression. In this study, we aimed to test whether mutations in NKX2-5 and HAND1 genes play a role in the etiology of atrial isomerism. Methods: This case-control study consisted of 70 patients who underwent surgical treatment for congenital heart defects including atrial isomerism, 80 healthy subjects (HAND1 gene) and 40 healthy subjects (NKX2-5 gene). All exons and exon-intron boundaries of NKX2-5 and HAND1 genes were analyzed by SSCP, and suspected samples were sequenced for mutation analysis. Digestion with appropriate restriction enzymes was performed for analysis of known mutations and polymorphisms. The frequencies of the alleles and the genotypes were compared among patient and control groups using the Chi-square and the Fisher tests when appropriate. Results: In intronic region of HAND1 gene, we identified a C>G substitution both in patients and controls. Frequency of mutant allele (11, 42%) was found higher (p=0.046) in patient group than that of the control group (2.5%). Association between atrial isomerism and genotypes with mutant allele was found borderline significant (p=0.054). In NKX2-5 gene, we identified heterozygous Q170X (Gln170ter) mutation in one patient. We did not found any correlation between defined sequence variations and clinical properties of the patients. Conclusion: Our results suggest that mutations or sequence variations in HAND1 or NKX2-5 genes may play role in etiology or pathogenesis of atrial isomerism.

10.Our medium-term results with aortic balloon valvuloplasty and factors affecting development of aortic regurgitation
Celal Akdeniz, Abdullah Erdem, Fadli Demir, Türkay Sarıtaş, Cenap Zeybek, Halil Demir, Yalım Yalçın, Ahmet Çelebi
PMID: 21561847  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.084  Pages 329 - 335

11.The comparison a 16-year follow-up results of balloon angioplasty for aortic coarctation in children of different age groups: a single-center experience
Yakup Ergül, Kemal Nişli, Aygün Dindar, Rukiye Eker Ömeroğlu, Ümrah Aydoğan
PMID: 21561846  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.085  Pages 336 - 342
Objective: Pediatric patients with different age groups who underwent balloon angioplasty for aortic coarctation were evaluated for recoarctation, aneurysm, peripheral arterial injuries and concomitant diseases. Methods: From January 1994 to 2010, 80 patients with aortic coarctation (native/recoarctation) were evaluated, retrospectively. According to age at angioplasty, patients were divided into three groups: Group A (0-3 months, n=29, 25 male/4 female, average weight 4±1.2 kg), Group B (3-12 months, n=20, 15 male/5 girls, average weight 6.5±1.9 kg) and Group C (> 1year, n= 31, 15 male/16 girls, average weight 22.8±16 kg). The patients were followed with echocardiography and clinical signs. The data of the native and recoarcted patients and also those in three different age groups were analyzed by using Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Student t tests. Results: Peak systolic pressure gradient was reduced from 42±17 mmHg to 6.2±6 mmHg after balloon angioplasty (p<0.001) [n=80, 56 (70%) native, 24 (30%) recoarctation]. There was no difference between groups for early success. None of them did require immediate surgery. There were ventricular septal defect in 23 (28.7%), bicuspid aorta in 18 (22.5%), patent ductus arteriosus in 11 (13.7%) patients. Two patients had Turner’s syndrome. Mean follow-up period was 74±56 months. While recoarctation developed in 20 (25%), [12 (60%) in Group A, 5 (25%) in Group B and 3 (15%) in group C, incidence was higher in the 0-3 months age group (p=0.018). Femoral artery occlusion and aneurysm were developed in 6 (7.5%) and 4 (5%) patients, respectively, and all of them were under 1-year-old. Conclusion: Balloon angioplasty can be used a method in treatment of native aortic coarctation and postoperative restenosis. Especially, children under 3 months should be monitored closely after the procedure for recoarctation, aneurysms and peripheral artery problems.

12.The effects of testosterone on isolated sheep coronary artery
Engin Yıldırım, Kevser Erol
PMID: 21561845  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.086  Pages 343 - 350
Objective: Pediatric patients with different age groups who underwent balloon angioplasty for aortic coarctation were evaluated for recoarctation, aneurysm, peripheral arterial injuries and concomitant diseases. Methods: From January 1994 to 2010, 80 patients with aortic coarctation (native/recoarctation) were evaluated, retrospectively. According to age at angioplasty, patients were divided into three groups: Group A (0-3 months, n=29, 25 male/4 female, average weight 4±1.2 kg), Group B (3-12 months, n=20, 15 male/5 girls, average weight 6.5±1.9 kg) and Group C (> 1year, n= 31, 15 male/16 girls, average weight 22.8±16 kg). The patients were followed with echocardiography and clinical signs. The data of the native and recoarcted patients and also those in three different age groups were analyzed by using Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Student t tests. Results: Peak systolic pressure gradient was reduced from 42±17 mmHg to 6.2±6 mmHg after balloon angioplasty (p<0.001) [n=80, 56 (70%) native, 24 (30%) recoarctation]. There was no difference between groups for early success. None of them did require immediate surgery. There were ventricular septal defect in 23 (28.7%), bicuspid aorta in 18 (22.5%), patent ductus arteriosus in 11 (13.7%) patients. Two patients had Turner’s syndrome. Mean follow-up period was 74±56 months. While recoarctation developed in 20 (25%), [12 (60%) in Group A, 5 (25%) in Group B and 3 (15%) in group C, incidence was higher in the 0-3 months age group (p=0.018). Femoral artery occlusion and aneurysm were developed in 6 (7.5%) and 4 (5%) patients, respectively, and all of them were under 1-year-old. Conclusion: Balloon angioplasty can be used a method in treatment of native aortic coarctation and postoperative restenosis. Especially, children under 3 months should be monitored closely after the procedure for recoarctation, aneurysms and peripheral artery problems.

REVIEW
13.The incognita of the known: the athlete’s heart syndrome
Erdem Kaşıkçıoğlu
PMID: 21592925  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.101  Pages 351 - 359
Long-term athletic activity causes morphological and functional changes in the heart characterized as left ventricle cavity dimension changes, wall thickness and mass increase and rhythm conduction changes. This condition is identified as “athlete’s heart syndrome”. The changes that are seen clinically occur as a result of physiological adaptation to exercise. Cardiovascular adaptation depends on the exercise’s type as well as its frequency, duration and intensity. In the athlete’s physical examination, various changes can be seen that are mistaken with pathological conditions. In addition, there are changes present due to cardiac hypertrophy, increased vagal tone and repolarization. The knowledge and recognition of the organic and functional changes developing in the athlete’s heart is being helpful to differentiate physiological changes from cardiac pathologies that can cause sudden death in athletes.

SCIENTIFIC LETTER
14.Endovascular stents for treatment of coarctation of the aorta
Işıl Yıldırım, Tevfik Karagöz, Murat Şahin, Dursun Alehan, Sema Özer, Süheyla Özkutlu, Alpay Çeliker
PMID: 21592937  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.089  Pages 360 - 361
Abstract |Full Text PDF

MISCELLANEOUS
15.The case of duplicated submission and it's withdrawal
Fatma Suna Kıraç
PMID: 21561844  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.087  Page 362
Abstract |Full Text PDF

16.A Statement on Ethics From the HEART Group

PMID: 21592923  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.103  Pages 363 - 365
Abstract |Full Text PDF

17.Which organ develops first in the intrauterine life?
Ahmet Tulga Ulus, Burak Erdolu, Esin Kahya, Murat Songur
PMID: 21561843  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.088  Pages 366 - 367
Abstract |Full Text PDF

CASE REPORT
18.Off-pump coronary bypass in a child with familial hypercholesterolemia: premature atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta
Öner Gülcan, Selman Vefa Yıldırım, Rıza Türköz
PMID: 21592936  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.090  Pages 368 - 369
Abstract |Full Text PDF

19.Kawasaki disease presenting as meningitis in a two months old infant
Özden Türel, Alper Güzeltaş, Çiğdem Aydoğmuş, Nevin Hatipoğlu, Hüsem Hatipoğlu, Rengin Siraneci
PMID: 21592935  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.091  Pages 369 - 370
Abstract |Full Text PDF

20.Acute renal failure due to fenofibrate monotherapy
Döndü Üsküdar Cansu, Nazife Şule Yaşar, Cengiz Korkmaz
PMID: 21592934  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.092  Pages 371 - 372
Abstract |Full Text PDF

LETTER TO THE EDITOR
21.
Kalp yetmezliğinde otonom sinir sistemi: Sonu olmayan bir araştırma alanı/Korunmuş otonomik fonksiyonlar ileri sol ventrikül sistolik disfonksiyonuna rağmen kalp yetersizliğinde asemptomatik klinik durumu sağlayabilir
Ejder Kardeşoğlu, Zafer Işılak, Murat Yalçın, Turgay Çelik
PMID: 21592933  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.093  Pages 373 - 374
Abstract |Full Text PDF

22.Angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of cancer
Mehdi Zoghi
PMID: 21592932  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.094  Pages 374 - 375
Abstract |Full Text PDF

23.Pericarditis as an initial symptom in Takayasu arteritis
Amira Hamzaoui, Randa Salem, Rim Klii, Olfa Harzallah, Olfa Berriche, Mondher Golli, Silvia Mahjoub
PMID: 21592931  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.095  Pages 375 - 376
Abstract |Full Text PDF

24.Aortic valve aneurysm: a result or reason?
Soe Moe Aung, Ahmet Güler, Göksel Acar, Can Yücel Karabay, Ali Karagöz, Müslüm Şahin
PMID: 21592930  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.096  Page E15
Abstract |Full Text PDF

E-PAGE ORIGINAL IMAGES
25.A rare angiographic finding: aortic pseudo-coarctation
Zeydin Acar, Adem Adar, Levent Korkmaz
PMID: 21592929  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.097  Pages E15 - E16
Abstract |Full Text PDF

26.Incidental multislice computed tomography finding of a congenital submitral ventricular aneurysm
Yasin Türker, Mustafa Kayan, Mehmet Munduz, Selçuk Yaşar, Mehmet Özaydın
PMID: 21592928  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.098  Pages E16 - E17
Abstract |Full Text PDF

27.Atrial angiosarcoma imaged by F-18 FDG PET/CT
İlknur Ak, Öznur Dilek Çiftçi, Zeki Üstünel, Muammer Cumhur Sivrikoz
PMID: 21592927  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.099  Page E17
Abstract |Full Text PDF

28.Naxos-Carvajal disease: a rare cause of cardiomyopathy with woolly hair and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis
Ragıp Ortaç, Vedide Tavlı, Gülden Diniz, Murat Muhtar Yılmazer, Savaş Demirpençe
PMID: 21592926  doi: 10.5152/akd.2011.100  Pages E17 - E18
Abstract |Full Text PDF



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