The relationship of micronucleus frequency and nuclear division index with coronary artery disease SYNTAX and Gensini scores

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the relationship of micronucleus (MN) frequency and nuclear division index (NDI) with SYNTAX and Gensini scores and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame counts of coronary arteries in patients undergoing coronary angiography.
Methods: In a single-center prospective observational study, a total of 63 individuals, 48 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 15 healthy people were included. Before coronary angiography (exposure to X-ray), blood samples were collected for lymphocyte cultures, MN and NDI measurements. According to the SYNTAX and Gensini scores, patients were allocated into two groups. Group 1 and 2 included the patients with SYNTAX scores <22 and ≥22 points, respectively. Similarly, groups according to Gensini scores included the ones <23 and ≥23 points. MN test was used for in vitro studies in human peripheral lymphocytes. Binucleated lymphocytes were calculated for each patient.
Results: MN frequency was significantly higher in group 2 than group 1 and in group 1 than control group (p<0.001). NDI was significantly higher in control group than group 1 and in group 1 than group 2 (p=0.003). MN frequency had positive but moderate correlation with SYNTAX and Gensini scores and TFCs of left anterior descending (LAD), circumflex and right coronary arteries (r=0.394, p=0.003; r=0.458, p<0.001; r=0.425, p<0.001; r=0.469, p<0.001; and r=0.475, p<0.001, respectively).
Conclusion: We can conclude that as the degree of atherosclerosis increases and coronary flow worsens, MN frequency increases and NDI decreases. Our results may help to elucidate the relationship of DNA damage in pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in patients with stable CAD.